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The rural revolution - 60 years of change in farming and the countryside
60 years of change in farming and the countryside

Michael PollittIn the years of post-war austerity, a hungry nation was desperate for better food, housing, and living conditions and especially in the depressed and near-derelict rural areas.
Rural affairs editor MICHAEL POLLITT (right) looks at the background to the Agriculture Act 1947 and examines the impact on the broader countryside. In a tribute to Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, many of his 29 fellow ‘pilgrims’ will tell their stories about changes over the past six decades.


Setting scene for postwar years
A combination of a savage winter, terrible drought and then near economic meltdown put food and farming very close to the top of the political agenda in a grim 1947.

Thelma LynesThe wife's tale
At harvest time, I used to lead the horses from the fields to the stack with wagons of wheat etc. I often wonder how we managed to get the harvest done when I see the combines these days.

Alec WalesThe farmers' tales
Mid-Norfolk farmer Alec Wales started farming at Beeston, near Dereham, on his own account shortly after the war. “When I started in 1946, we had no electricity or mains water at home.”

The ploughman's tale
Bob BurrowsAs a young man of about 24, Bob Burrows remembers ploughing one day with a Caterpillar crawler pulling a single-furrow digger plough... It was a wind frost. I was frozen. I had an old army greatcoat on and my knees were wrapped in old beet pulp sacks.

Mike FrostThe corn merchant's tale
A weekly market every Saturday at the Corn Hall, Norwich, was one of the centres for trading malting barley in the decades after the war, recalled merchant Mike Frost. He joined one of Norfolk’s big three players...

Rob McLeanThe feed miller's tale
Feed merchants faced an exciting challenge to design more efficient rations to match the rapid increase in the growth rates of farm animals. For Rob McClean, it was also a great opportunity...

The contractor's tale
South Norfolk threshing contractor Graham Lorne, who has lived in Carleton Rode and Bunwell all his life, describes harvesting in the post-war years.

John BinghamThe plant breeder's tale
Plant breeder and Norfolk farmer John Bingham was at the centre of a technological revolution in the development of new crop varieties.

 

Dick MeltonThe potato picker's tale
"The first thing we had to do each morning was to melt the frost with Calor gas blow lamps, then take off the rest of the soil with pick axes," recalls Dick Melton.

The farmworker's son's tale
Mike Coates“The water came from a pump across the yard and then she had to light the small fire to boil the linen. We paid no rent for our house, it came with the job – we had no running water, sewers or electricity," recalls Mike Coates.

The farmworker's son's tale
Mike Coates“The water came from a pump across the yard and then she had to light the small fire to boil the linen. We paid no rent for our house, it came with the job – we had no running water, sewers or electricity," recalls Mike Coates.

The flour miller's tale
Bryan ReadWhen Bryan Read joined the family business 60 years ago, there were three flour millers in Norwich. Now, they’ve all gone, with the last mill, Read Woodrow, closing in 1992.

The yeoman's tale
teddy MaufeSpecialist cereal grower Teddy Maufe 's family have been tenants on the Earl of Leicester's Holkham estate for almost seven decades. Today, he has added a second string to his bow by selling beers brewed from the farm’s quality malting barley.

The auctioneer's tale
Michael GambleAuctioneer Michael Gamble joined one of the leading Norwich firms of chartered surveyors, Irelands, in 1965.
By that stage, one of the country’s largest livestock markets had moved from the heart of the city to the southern edge of Norwich.

The enthusiast's tale
Derek PearceFarming has always been a business but it took many years for the industry to really learn the lesson, said retired Norfolk farmer Derek Pearce. He left school without formal qualifications and then spent the next 20 years “getting an education” which even took him to the Harvard.

Nigel WrightThe townsman's tale
From his family farm in the centre of the Broadland town of Stalham, Nigel Wright has seen many changes over the past six decades.

 

Martin GeorgeThe conservationist's tale
A key player in the evolution of a pioneering environmental strategy, Martin George was at the centre of the so-called Battle of the Halvergate Marshes.

The politician's tale
John McGregorFarming in East Anglia was booming when South Norfolk MP John (now Lord) MacGregor was promoted to Minister of State for Agriculture in 1983. It was also a time of “milk and wine lakes, butter and beef mountains” and soaring spending on Europe’s Common Agricultural Policy.

Frank OldfieldThe manager's tale
When Frank Oldfield arrived at the Marquess of Townshend’s Raynham estate in 1963, there were 42 staff on the payroll on 1,400 acres. Now, he farms 6,000 acres with a handful.

Bill PerowneThe beet grower's tale
Bill Perowne started farming on his own account at Manor Farm, South Creake, near Fakenham, after returning from the Royal Navy in 1946.

 

Jimmy ButlerThe pig farmer's tale
It was the slogan of a 1960s property developer, “Location, location, location” but it is absolutely essential for keeping pigs outside as the Juimmy Butler, creator of the Blythburgh Free Range Pork brand, realised.

Oliver Illing.The vet's tale
Farm animals, and especially dairy cows, accounted for the overwhelming majority of practice work for a Norwich-based vet in the 1960s. Now, family pets and riding horses and ponies have become more important, said Oliver Illing.

Ken Leggett The NFU secretary's tale
It was the end of an era for the Norfolk National Farmers’ Union when the third and final county secretary Ken Leggett retired in 1991 from Agriculture House, Norwich, as a regional office and structure was adopted.

John GarnerThe drover's tale
Trade in beef cattle in the 1940s and 1950s was big business at Norwich Market, then held on The Hill in front of the Castle. Norfolk farmer John Garner was just ten years old in 1947 when he drove his first lot of cattle home to Godwick Hall, near Tittleshall.

Peter WhiteThe butcher's tale
When the butcher’s boy delivered meat to customers in Aylsham three times a week, most of the beef, lamb and pork had been slaughtered behind the family’s shop. Master butcher Peter White (pictured), followed his father, Gilbert, into the family business and today his son, Crawford, is the third generation running the Red Lion Street butchers.

Neal SandsThe manufacturer's tale
Forty years ago, standing in a potato field as half-drunk pilots sprayed crop protection chemicals a few feet over his head must have been unnerving. Today, Neal Sands runs one of the world’s leading companies making award-winning specialist crop spayers.

Basil CookThe egg producer's tale
A flock of hens scratching about the farmyard was typical on almost every farm in Norfolk when eggs were often of dubious quality in the post-war years. For dairy farmer turned egg producer Basil Cook, it was also a time when poultry meat was a luxury item on the dinner table.

Mike BrightonThe potato merchant's tale
Growing potatoes has become a scientific operation to meet the demands of the consumers, retailers and processors. When Mike Brighton, chairman of RBR Potatoes, of North Walsham, started in the industry in 1955, it was all hand work.

MORE INFO
Coypus - furry public enemy No 1
It was almost 70 years ago that several coypu escaped from a Norfolk farm at East Carleton and started spreading through the region’s waterways.
By the end of the final eradication scheme in 1988, it had cost the taxpayer millions of pounds to eliminate the coypu. More
The mission to feed Britain
A drive to boost food production was the central strategy for three decades after the end of the second world war.
 
FACTFILES

1950s

  • Housing progress
  • Farm milestones
  • Challenges
  • Food targets
  • Rationing
  • Our daily bread
  • Drift from the land
  • Farming on show
  • Testing decade
  • 1960s

  • 1965 snapshot
  • New ideas
  • Food costs
  • Improvements
  • Land sales
  • 1970s

  • Testing decade
  • Housing
  • Production

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